Robert Higgs

Challenge of Liberty

Restoring the ideas and ideals of classical liberalism, this collection shows how its contemporary exponents defend such pillars of free societies as individual rights, human dignity, market processes, and the rule of law. The quest for freedom has always been as much a battle of ideas as it is a popular struggle. Classical liberal pioneers such as John Locke and Adam Smith stressed the inherent worth of the individual, inalienable rights, and the benevolent consequences of the cooperative, peaceful pursuit of one’s own happiness. These ideas became the intellectual scaffolding for much of the West’s most fundamental institutions and achievements. Yet after its 19th-century high-water mark, classical liberalism lost much of its passion, focus, and popular support. Intellectual trends increasingly began to support coercive egalitarianism, empire, and central planning at the expense of individual liberty, personal responsibility, private property, natural law, and free institutions. Yet this book indicates that the eclipse of classical liberalism by contemporary liberalism and conservatism is passing.